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Explore an interactive historical timeline of the town of Kotor, through its two millennia of existence, and all the powerful European empires that leave historical, architectural and cultural footprints Town of Kotor - historical timeline CREDITS: The background photo: Coats of arms of the Beskuca family. Prcanj, Montenegro. Photo by Bogdan Kusevic Credits of the Coats of Arms and flags: Internet open public domain (Wikipedia, etc.) Town of Kotor - historical timeline: (2018-2022) by Bogdan Kusevic.

​St. Anna Valley is cultural landscape of the inner Kotor Bay in Montenegro of immense value, recently heavily endangered by building construction , which destroyed authentic steep terraces of ex arable land. The Church of St. Anna dates back to the 14th century and the ruins of an old parish house are the oldest remains of any residences in Prcanj. St. Anna Valley is cultural landscape of the inner Kotor Bay in Montenegro of immense value, recently heavily endangered by building construction , which destroyed authentic steep terraces of ex arable land. The Church of St. Anna dates back to the 14th century and the ruins of an old parish house are the oldest remains of any residences in Prcanj. The sloped terraces of agricultural estates, made of stone walls and planted with olive trees, and the oak forests sprinkled over a channelled stream of enclosed dry stonewalls, are features of the cultural landscape of this region. The techniques of channelling the stream flows and the way of maintaining the land by the traditional character testify the past eras and give evidence of the native landscape management. READ MORE on heritage article ''Valley of St Anna" Next ST. ANNA VALLEY - GLAVATI, PRCANJ cover photo: Cultural landscape of immense value in danger!

The sloped terraces of agricultural estates, made of stone walls and planted with olive trees,and the oak forests sprinkled over a channelled stream of enclosed dry stonewalls, are features of the cultural landscape of this region. The techniques of channelling the stream flows and the way of maintaining the land by... St. Anna Valley - P rcanj, Montenegro St. Anna Valley represents the last portion of the cultural landscape of the inner Kotor bay in Montenegro, which preserved its original horizontal and vertical structure, sprawling in full area from the sea to the hill. The Church of St. Anna dates back to the 14th century and the ruins of an old parish house,bare the oldest remains of any residences in Prcanj. The sloped terraces of agricultural estates, made of dry-stone walls and planted with olive trees, and the oak forests sprinkled over a channelled stream of enclosed dry-stone walls, are features of the cultural landscape of this region. The techniques of channelling the stream flows and the way of maintaining the land by the traditional character testify the past eras and give evidence of the native landscape management. The UNESCO commission has stated that this area should be placed under careful spatial management, after undergoing a study of the impact towards cultural heritage in each intervention, in order to preserve its outstanding universal value (OUV). St. Anna Valley in Prcanj, with its agricultural terraces, and St. Anna church and the ruins of Sbutega palace, should be placed at top level of protection as cultural landscape of great value for the municipality of Kotor. Unfortunately, due to the compromised urban planning and the lacking of regulation for preserving the cultural landscape in Montenegro and because of the pressure of foreign investments, it is likely that this authentic area in Prcanj might be soon devastated by building there a real estate settlement . At this occasion, as architect and resident of Prcanj, I appeal to the State bodies in charge that this particular portion of the cultural landscape should be maintained and better understood, in order to preserve its inherited and unique features. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Kusevic, B. (2017). Valley of St. Anna - Prcanj . ‘‘The Archive of Landscapes”. [date]. BIBLIOGRAPHY . BACKGROUND PHOTO. David Rumsey Historical Map Collection | The Collection; (1693) Disegno Topografico del Canale di Cattaro, Montenegro; Coronelli, Vincenzo (1650-1718).

Town of Prcanj in Kotor municipality in Montenegro is coastal town traditionally relied on the sea trade that even nowadays preserved its inherited character. Historically, the first mentions were at 1222 due to the building of St Johan church, during the medieval age town exists in the upper level Prcanj, Montenegro Prcanj in Kotor municipality in Montenegro is a coastal town which traditionally relied on the maritime trade and such tradition has remained to the present day. Historically, the first mentions of it were in 1222 in the correspondence regarding the construction of St Johan Church. During the medieval age, the town was being developed in the upper level in the hill and it relied primarily on the local agriculture. Later, at the beginning of the 15th century, the town rapidly started to develop in the coastal region. Prcanj sailors from early 15th century demonstrate the town’s tremendous skillfulness at the sea, witnessed by state Venetian captains. Maritime trade was very active and successful and made a lot of families from Prcanj exceptionally rich (for example, the Beskuca family owns 99 houses in the Bay of Kotor and overseas). Maritime trade flourished during 16th and 18th century; the ships owned by people from Prcanj grew in size and number so that by the end of the 18th century, Prcanj was a home port for 98 overseas ships. Prcanj’s wealthiest sea captains’ families names were: Lukovic, Gjurovic, Sbutega, Lazzari, Mihnic, Florio, Verona, Milin, Petkic, Raffaeili, Beskuca, Marassi. Many of them had their trade houses and family residences in Venice, Trieste, Corfu, Thebes, Corinth, Alexandria, Algiers, etc. Among their most common merchandise were Montenegrin and Greek cheese, Dalmatian vine, oil candles, salted sardines, dry meat, dry figs, Dalmatian and Greek olive oil, and silk. Their most frequent ports of call were - apart from the eastern Mediterranean ones - Ancona, Bari, Brindisi, Venice, and Trieste. The success of maritime trade was so immense for Prcanj that by the end of 17th century it had overpassed, in economic terms, the medieval town of Kotor (Cattaro in Italian), which had often helped them giving money and manual labour in times of crisis. After the catastrophic earthquake of 1667, by which Kotor was almost completely destroyed, Prcanj’s sailors and shipowners volunteerely helped repairing the destroyed town with money and labour, even providing free transport of goods on their ships. In 1420, after several attempts to form an alliance with the Venetian Republic, Kotor’s Governors finally received a positive response and gained the Venetian protection. As it was due in time of war, Prcanj’s Governors aswered to the city’s assistance request providing a free mobilisation, and sailors always went to the sea battlefield against enemies with other Venetian provinces on Adriatic. Thanks to their extremely high faithfulness in naval battles and in sustaining safe sea-trade, all the Prcanj’s captains gained numerous benefits. For example, in 18th century Prcanj’s sailors and ship-owners got free merchandise, without any charge, available on Venezia and Padova, and tax-free trade. In 1420 the Bay of Kotor was not entirely under Venetian protection; in fact, the only inner area with the towns of Kotor, Dobrota, Mulla, Perzagno, Stolivo, Perasto, and Sterp was. Other areas of Bay of Kotor, such as Castel Nuovo and Risano, become Venetian provinces following the Liberation from the Ottoman rule in 1687. Already at the end of the 16th century, sailors from Prcanj stood out with their ships (fusta) on sails and oars which overpassed the Venetian State ships, as witnessed by the Venetian governor-general Almorò Tiepolo (1593). In fact, by the end of the 16th century, due to their tremendous skillfulness at the sea, the administration of the Venetian Republic decided to give to Prcanj’s captains the great responsibility to transport State mail (pubblici dispacci) on their ships. The decision, come into force in 1625, has brought many benefits to the population of Prcanj, such as relieving them from military service and physical, manual labour. On the other hand, the importance of a reliable postal service, ranging from Venice to Zadar and Kotor and even to Corfu, was of immense importance for the Republic of Venice.The ships carrying mail were small in size and their crew numbered nine members. The privileges of the city grew thanks to this extraordinary role, and in 1704 Prcanj received the statute of Municipality (Comunità di Perzagno). This decision of the Republic resulted in huge benefits, namely the abolition of customs, which strengthened the economic growth that inncreased the city’s maritime economy. Prcanj is located at the foot of Vrmac hill and due to the mixture of sea and mountain air it has been renowned as a health resort for a long time. The settlement is well-known for its unique fresh air suitable for people with lung diseases and allergies, which was recognized at the congress of Yugoslavian pulmonologists in 1920s. The sanatorium for non-specific pulmonary diseases was situated in the area of Lekovina, which has special microclimatic benefits, until the 1979 earthquake.Today Prcanj is well-known as a health resort, and it attracts many visitors seeking for health improvement, sports training and family holiday in the peaceful scenery along the coast. It has a population of around 1,100. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Kusevic, B. (2017). Town of Prcanj, Montenegro . ‘‘The Archive of Landscapes”. [date]. BIBLIOGRAPHY . BACKGROUND PHOTO. David Rumsey Historical Map Collection | The Collection; (1693) Disegno Topografico del Canale di Cattaro, Montenegro; Coronelli, Vincenzo (1650-1718).

The XV century gothic palace,heritage the story of The Three Sisters. The very reach nobleman from Kotor decided to build the palace for his three daughters, Filomena, Graciana and Rina. Unfortunate fate has made that they fall in love with the same sailor. The sailor requited love to one of them... Story of ''The Three Sisters'' from Prcanj "Le Tre Sorelle" da Perzagno The 15th century Gothic palace is related to the Story of the Three Sisters. A very reach nobleman from Kotor decided to build a palace for his three daughters, Filomena, Graciana and Rina. By an odd twist of fate, they fell in love with the same man, who was a sailor. He requited Rina’s affections promising her everlasting love. This caused the envy and jealousy of other two sisters. Feeling their pain, Rina gave a unique example of generosity, sacrificing the strongest feeling of her heart. She suggested that they should retreat into the silence of their home because of the untried love. The prayer will be the food for their soul and the sweet hope that they would be with their sweetheart in another life, where their prayers, their pain and suffering would end and their love will be reciprocated. When the unfortunate young man heard of their decision, he went out to sea, but he occasionally came in front of the palace, which had already been dubbed “the prison of love” in the entire region. Having lost all hope because the vow was stronger than passion, he went out to the sea and he never returned. The years were passing by, but the three sisters never gave up hope of his return. They would spend their days standing by the three windows, waiting to see his ship. Then old age came and death knocked on their door. When the first sister died, the other two sisters sealed her window up; there was no need for it anymore. The same happened when the second sister died. However, after the death of the third sister, her window remained open because there was no one left to seal it up. The story of the Three Sisters has been present in the collective memory of the native people for the last 500 years, and has been inscribed as the intangible heritage of Montenegro HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Kusevic, B. (2017). Story of "Le Tre Sorelle" from Prcanj . ‘‘The Archive of Landscapes”. [date]. OLD PHOTO: Author un known/source - internet BACKGROUND MAP David Rumsey Historical Map Collection | The Collection; (1693) Disegno Topografico del Canale di Cattaro, Montenegro; Coronelli, Vincenzo (1650-1718). Palace of "Three sisters"

The area of the medieval path represents one of the few coastal areas in the interior of the Bay of Kotor, where the cultural landscape has not been attacked yet by commercial construction and where there is continuity from the sea Glavati to the top of the mountain (Spille River Canyon). The pathway is a proof of Prcanj’s historical development, of the time when the settlement was located on the upper levels of the Vrmac hill, resting on agriculture 2007-2017 Medieval pathway of Prcanj cover photo: Steps of medieval pathway above Prcanj Landscape sound of summer morning in Forest Lekovina, Prcanj, Montenegro - recorded by Bogdan Kusevic. August 2009. 00:00 / 00:00 The area of the medieval path represents one of the few coastal areas in the interior of the Bay of Kotor, where the cultural landscape has not been attacked yet by commercial construction and where there is continuity from the sea Glavati to the top of the mountain (Spille River Canyon). The pathway is a proof of Prcanj’s historical development, of the time when the settlement was located on the upper levels of the Vrmac hill, resting on agriculture. A special way of treating the soil, preserving fertile humus layers, was achieved by the dry-stone wall techniques on terraced levels along Vrmac slopes. Moving from the sea to the hill, ancient varieties of Mediterranean fruit, such as citrus, grapes, olives, figs, are still present. These authentic sloped terraces of autochthonous agricultural varieties are still preserved below the area of the upper medieval path connecting the Church of St. Anna with the church of St. Peter on the way to the Old Parish church toward Spilla river. There are also centuries old oaks and pine forests in the zones between the agricultural estates, which are also planted as old villagers can tell. READ MORE on heritage article ''Medieval pathway of Prcanj" Next

Na stotinjak metara daleko od mora i pedesetak metara nadmorske visine u zatonu poznatom kao Pecarevo ili Glavati, u naselju Prcanj u Crnoj Gori, nalazi se gradjevina danas u rusevinama koja je bila rezidencija po svemu sudeci neke plemicke porodice. Malo se zna o ovoj palati, usljed nedostatka arhivske gradje a... Rusevine palate Sbutega - Glavati. Prcanj istorijska i arhitektonska analiza Na stotinjak metara od mora i na pedesetak metara nadmorske visine, u uvali poznatoj kao Pecarevo ili Glavati, u naselju Prčanj u Crnoj Gori, nalazi se građevina danas u ruševinama, koja je po svemu sudeći bila rezidencija neke plemićke porodice. Zbog nedostatka arhivske građe i neposjedovanja ikakvog uklesanog simbola, grba ili natpisa na fasadi, o ovoj palati se malo zna. Međutim, po tehnikama gradnje, dispoziciji i arhitektonskoj koncepciji kao i materijalima i tehnikama obrade, može se zaključiti da potiče iz XIV vijeka. Rezidencija se nalazi nedaleko od Crkve Sv. Ane u području Glavati – Prčanj, za koju se smatra da datira iz istog perioda. U XIV vijeku je ovim područjem vladala dinastija Nemanjića, potom Ugarska kraljevina a kasnije i bosanski kralj Tvrtko I. U tom se periodu naselja uz more, sem utvrđenih gradova poput Kotora, još nijesu bila razvila i egzistirala su na višim kotama u brdu kao seoske naseobine koje su se oslanjale na lokalnu poljoprivredu. Veoma česti upadi pirata, a potom i napadi Turaka ali i plemena iz unutrašnjosti, bila su dovoljno učestala da se karakter rezidencijalne arhitekture u zaleđu morao podrediti odbrani od upada pljackaša. Palata tj. današnje ruševine snimljene na terenu februara 2018. godine, sastoje se od 4 zida glavnog korpusa palate i jednog aneksa sa gornje zapadne strade, po svemu sudeći bivše štale. Prednje pročelje zida ka Kotoru na sredini je provaljeno do tla, a zadržalo je samo nišu sa donje desne strane, do nekadašnjih vrata. Sa suprotne strane, uočava se romano-gotski jednostavan luk bez profilacije od nejednako postavljenih kamenih pragova, te niša neposredno do vrata i dva prozorska okna od kojih je veće veoma oštećeno. Romano-gotski portal nad ulaznim vratima, iako oštećen pruža najvjerodostojniju potvrdu o karakteru palate i njenoj dataciji. Vrata su bila izrađena od punog drveta a zaklavana sa po 4 klina u kamenom parapetu, čija su udubljenja u kamenu i danas vidljiva. Povrh toga, postojala je i velika greda koja je služila za barakidiranje i koja se umetala po sredini vrata, naliježući tako u udubljenje u zidu kako bi dodatno osigurala portal od upada pljackaša. Male niše pored vrata bile su korišćenekako bi se na što jednostavniji način, a bez otvaranja glavnog ulaza, primile namirnice od prodavaca, kao sto je suvo meso i riba, a da se pritom domaćini ne izlažu riziku da budu opljačkani ili napadnuti. Druga mala niša spolja je najvjerovatnije u kasnijem periodu zazidana. Krov je bio jednovodni i nagnut prema moru, što je danas velika rijetkost na ovom području gdje su svi krovovi dvovodni. Sudeći po krovnom pokrivaču obližnje Crkve Sv. Ane, koji je bio od kamena, kao i na osnovu i drugih veoma starih rezidencijalnih objekata, može se zaključiti da je i krov palate u prvobitnoj fazi bio od kamenih ploča i to autohtonog kamena. Na osnovu analize sa lokacije od februara 2018, zapažene su dvije etape gradnje objekta palate Sbutega. Prva bi uključivala veliko i visoko prizemlje te nisko potkrovlje koje je sa donje morske strane imalo tri prozorska okna, po svoj prilici za osmatranje i odbranu od potencijalnih pljačkaša. U prizemlju, ka moru, 2 prozorska okna od kojih je jedno bilo veće, približnih dimenzija 100/80 cm, i drugo, dimenzijaod oko 40/40 cm. Na pročelju ka Kotoru, bila su prema dispoziciji ulazna vrata sa portalom, poput onih na suprotnoj strani palate. Oboje vrata bila su simetrično postavljena, moguće poštujući vjerovanje da, đavo ukoliko bi ušao u kuću, na istom pravolinijskom potezu bi i izašao te ukućani ne bi bili ugroženi, dok se mala odstupanja od pravog ugla prilikom zidanja zidova, mogu tumačiti predanjem - uvijek se izbjegavalo zidati u ‘skveru’ jer u ‘skveru’ čuči đavo. Tavanice tog perioda bile su drvene, oslonjene na kamene konzole zaobljene sa donje strane u obliku akantusovog cvijeta. Na potkrovlju je bilo po 2 prozora ka strani od Kotora i 2 ka Prčanju, od kojih je jedan većih dimenzija. Izlaz u dvorište je riješen ostavljanjem uskih vrata ka brdu koja su danas zazidana, služila su kao izlaz u pomoćni objekat, najvjerovatnije štalu. Druga faza gradnje, donijela je radikalne promjene u enterijeru. Naime, visoko prizemlje se podijelilo na dvije etaže kako bi se dobilo na proširenju smještajnog kapaciteta zbog uvećanja porodice a na uštrb zaziđivanja tri prozora i gornjih vrata ka brdu na kojima su postavljene kamene konzole za pridržavanje greda. Promjene su vidljive i na romano-gotskom portalu, jer je i on sve do luka morao biti zazidan kako bi se tavanice spuštile niže, što je i danas vidljivo. U drugoj fazi razvoja palate, tavanice su postale veoma niske, ostavljajući oko 200 cm slobodnog prostora do greda. Obrada kamenih prozora bez posebnih parapetnih otvora na svim oknima, te vrlo oskudnim i nadomještenim na otvorima većih dimenzija, sugeriše o etapnom, sukcesivnom razvoju palate i čestim prepravkama. Palata u svojoj bazi posjeduje dimenzije 9.5 sa 6 m, što je veoma veliko za prosječnu veličinu kuće ovog podneblja, te upućuje na veoma dobro imovno stanje vlasnika-graditelja. Na području se nalazi Crkva Sv. Ane, koja sudeći po analogijama, potiče iz istog perioda i stoga se može ustvrditi da je bila porodična kapela. Lokacija Glavati je od velike važnosti za ukupno područje Prčanja, kako zbog svoje istorijske tako i prirodne i ambijentalne vrijednosti. Dolina Svete Ane je predio sa svim odlikama kulturnog pejzaža. Suvomeđe koje se stepenasto pružaju pored imanja Sbutega, a na čijim se terasama i danas nalaze maslinjaci, zatim stara srednjevjekovna staza preko Prčanja koja je nekada povezivala Prčanj sa Kotorom, Stolivom i Lepetanima, pravi je izvor za proučavanje načina života u prošlosti. Prisustvo nekoliko slojeva arhitekture - romano-gotičke u brdu a renesansno-barokne pri obali, te austrougarskog putnog graditeljstva u priobalju, kao i autohtonog načina obrade pejzaža sa kanalisanim potocima i terasastim vrtovima, predstavlja izvanredan argument za valorizaciju ove uvale kao kulturnog pejzaža od velike važnosti za Uneskovo Prirodno i kulturno-istorijsko područje Kotora. Aktiviranje ove palate za kulturne potrebe, i po mišljenu stanovnika valorizovanje u svrhu ljetnjeg kampa studenata arhitekture koji će raditi na regeneraciji pejzaža i održavanju srednjevjekovnih staza i monumenata, a uz to dobiti sertifikat o autentičnoj gradnji Boke Kotorske pod mentorstvom restauratora, bilo bi od velikog značaja za čitavo područje Kotora. Najzad, pružilo bi i uvid u velike potencijale održivog razvoja, a sve na uzajamnu korist kako učesnika radionice tako i vlasnika imanja, kojima bi se, pored usluge besplatnog održavanja imanja isplaćivala i naknada za korisćenje od strane studenata – polaznika arhitektonske radionice. Tako bi čitavo ovo područje dobilo veću prepoznatljivost i važnost i postalo uzorni model za pristup regeneraciji kulturnog pejzaža ukupnog područja Kotora. Nažalost, gradnja na ovom području, koja je počela infrastrukturnim radovima, uništila je do sada već čitav dio vrtova sa terasama i ozidanim potokom, i prijeti da devalvira ukupno područje koje je jedna zatvorena i unikatna enklava kulturnog pejzaža koji se prostire u punoj širini od mora pa sve do brda. Dolina Svete Ane – Glavati je neizmjerno vrijedno područje koje svjedoči o istorijskom razvoju seoskih aglomeracija uz more Boke Kotorske. Zbog vrijednog autentičnog pejzaža, kao i istorijske, pejzažne i prirodne vrijednosti, neodložno se mora pristupiti uticaju na kulturnu Baštinu pri aktuelnim prostornim intervencijama, izradom HIA studije, kako bi joj se sačuvala izuzetna univerzalna vrijednost, koju kao cjelina posjeduje u sklopu Područja Kotora koje je pod Uneskovom zaštitom. KAKO DA CITIRATE OVAJ CLANAK Kusevic, B. (2018). Rusevine palate Sbutega - Glavati-Prcanj. istorijska i arhitektonska analiza . ‘‘The Archive of Landscapes” [datum]. POZADINSKA KARTA David Rumsey Historical Map Collection | The Collection; (1693) Disegno Topografico del Canale di Cattaro, Montenegro; Coronelli, Vincenzo (1650-1718).

Stone plastics, heraldic, authentic door and windows from the town of Prcanj photostory 2007-2017 History in stone cover photo: Unique example of descriptive geometry in real size scale on facade of Our Lady's Temple in Prcanj,Montenegro Stone plastics, family heraldry, doors and balustrades, these are all photographed in the town of Prcanj, Montenegro during the period 2008-2018. Next

About a hundred meters away from the sea and about fifty meters above sea level, in a depression known as Pecarevo or Glavati, in the settlement of Prcanj in Montenegro, there is a building, now in ruins, which apparently used to be the residence of a noble family. There is little known about this palace, due to the lack of historical archives and any carved symbol, coat of arms or inscription on the facade The ruins of the Sbutega Palace – Glavati, Prcanj , Montenegro Historical and architectural analysis About a hundred meters away from the sea and about fifty meters above sea level, in a depression known as Pecarevo or Glavati, in the settlement of Prcanj in Montenegro, there is a building, now in ruins, which apparently used to be the residence of a noble family. There is little known about this palace, due to the lack of historical archives and any carved symbol, coat of arms or inscription on the facade. However, the building techniques, layout and architectural concept as well as materials and processing techniques demonstrate that it originates from the 14th century. The residence is located not far from the Church of St. Anna in the Glavati - Prcanj area, which is believed to date from the same period. In the fourteenth century this area was ruled by the Nemanjic Dynasty, then by the Kingdom of Hungary, and later by the Bosnian king Tvrtko I. In that time, there were no settlements along the coast, except for fortified cities such as Kotor, and they existed only on higher elevations in the hills as rural settlements that relied on local agriculture. The pirate raids, and then attacks by Turks and tribes from the inland, were frequent enough to influence the character of the residential architecture in the hinterland that was subordinated to the defense against the robbers’ raids. The palace, i.e. its remains, as photographed in February 2018, consist of four walls of the main body of the palace and one annex from the upper western side, apparently the former stable. The front facade of the wall towards Kotor has been breached in the middle and to the ground, and the only thing that was kept is the niche on the lower right side to the former door. On the opposite side, there is a Roman-Gothic simple arch without profiling, made of unevenly placed stone thresholds, then the niche immediately next to the door and two window panes, the larger of which is very damaged. The Romano-Gothic portal above the entrance door, although damaged, provides the most reliable confirmation of the character of the palace and its dating. The door was made of solid wood and nailed with four pegs each in the stone parapet, whose recesses in the stone are still visible today. On top of that, there was a large beam used to barricade the door that was inserted in the middle of the door and in the recess in the wall to additionally secure the portal from robbers. The small niches next to the door had a very practical use as that was the convenient space where the vendors could deliver the groceries, such as dried meat and fish, without opening the main entrance, so the hosts did not run the risk of being robbed or attacked. Another small niche on the outside was most likely bricked up in later centuries. The single-pitch roof was inclined towards the sea. It is very rare today in this area as all the roofs are dual pitched. Judging by the roof of the nearby Church of St. Anna, made of stone, and looking at the other very old residential buildings, it can be concluded that the roof of the palace in the original phase was also made of the stone slabs and that was the autochthonous stone. Based on the analysis from the site conducted in February 2018, two stages of construction of the Sbutega Palace were observed. The first one would include a large and high ground floor and a low attic, with three window panes on the lower sea side, presumably for surveillance and defense against potential robbers. On the ground floor, facing the sea, there were two window panes, the larger one with approximate dimensions of 100/80 cm and a small one with dimensions of 40/40 cm. On the house front, facing Kotor, there was an entrance door with a portal like the one on the opposite side of the palace. The doors were placed symmetrically, because of the belief that if a devil entered the house, it would follow the straight line and leave it without harming the household members. Small deviations from the right angle when building the walls prove the tradition to avoid building the 'squares', as the devil crouches in the 'square'. The ceilings from that period were made of wood and leaned on stone consoles that were spheroidal on the bottom side and had a shape of an acanthus flower. In the attic, there were two windows facing Kotor and the two ones facing Prcanj, one of which was larger. The exit to the courtyard towards the hill was through a narrow door, that is walled up now, but once served as an exit to an outbuilding, most likely a stable. The second phase of the construction brought radical changes in the interior. Namely, the high ground floor was divided into two floors in order to expand the accommodation capacity due to the increase of the family, at the expense of walling up of three windows and the upper door towards the hill with stone consoles holding the beams. The changes are also visible on the Roman-Gothic portal, as it had to be walled up to the arch in order to lower the ceilings, which is still visible today. In the second phase of the palace development, the ceilings were lowered, leaving about 200 cm of free space to the beams. The processing of stone windows without separate parapet openings on all window panes, and their presence only on openings of larger dimensions suggests a staged, successive development of the palace and frequent renovations. The palace in its base has dimensions of 9.5m by 6m, which is more than the average size of the house in this region and shows the owner`s wealth. The Church of St. Anne, which, judging by the analogies, comes from the same period can be considered to have been a family chapel. The location of Glavati is of the great importance for the entire area of Prcanj, due to its historical as well as natural and environmental value. Saint Anna's Valley is a region with all the characteristics of a cultural landscape. The stone walls, sloping along the Sbutega estate, with terraces still used for olive growing, then the old medieval path across Prcanj that once connected Prcanj with Kotor, Stoliv and Lepetani are the real sources for learning about the way of life in the past. The presence of several layers of architecture, both Romano-Gothic in the hills and Renaissance-Baroque on the coast, as well as Austro-Hungarian road construction on the coast, and the indigenous way of processing the landscape with canalized streams and terraced gardens, represents an exceptional argument for the valorization of this valley as a cultural landscape of great importance for UNESCO's Natural, Cultural-Historical Region of Kotor. Activating this palace for cultural purposes, and according to the opinion of the residents, valorizing it for the purpose of a summer camp for the students of architecture who will work on the regeneration of the landscape and the maintenance of medieval paths and monuments, and receive a certificate for the authentic construction of Boka Kotorska under the mentorship of restorers, would be of great importance for the entire area of Kotor. Finally, it would also provide an insight into the great potential of sustainable development, as well as the mutual benefits to both, the workshop participants and the property owners, who would be paid a fee, in addition to the service of free maintenance of the property. Thus, the entire area would gain greater recognition and importance and become a model of the approach to the regeneration of the cultural landscape of the entire area of Kotor. Unfortunately, the construction in this area started with infrastructure works and has already destroyed a whole section of gardens with terraces and a walled stream, and threatens to devalue the entire area, which is a unique enclave of cultural landscape stretching from the sea all the way to the hills. The valley of St. Anna - Glavati is an immensely valuable area that bears witness to the historical development of rural agglomerations along the coast of Boka Kotorska. Because of its valuable authentic landscape, as well as its historical, landscape and natural value, creating an HIA study on the impact on the cultural heritage during current spatial interventions must be a matter of urgency in order to preserve its exceptional universal value, which it possesses as part of the area of Kotor protected by UNESCO. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Kusevic, B. (2017). The ruins of the Sbutega Palace – Glavati, Prcanj , Historical and architectural analysis ‘‘The Archive of Landscapes”. [date]. BIBLIOGRAPHY . BACKGROUND PHOTO. David Rumsey Historical Map Collection | The Collection; (1693) Disegno Topografico del Canale di Cattaro, Montenegro; Coronelli, Vincenzo (1650-1718).

Stoliv is situated on the north-eastern side of the Vrmac hill, opposite Perast. It consists of two parts: the upper village is situated in a chestnut forest at 240 m of altitude. This part of the village has preserved its original rural layout. Today this part of Stoliv has only 15 habitants because most of the people have moved during the 17th and 18th century to the lower town. In the centre of the village there is the Church of St. Ilija. 2007-2017 Stoliv (ita. Stolivo ) cover photo: Stoliv seascape Stoliv is situated on the north-eastern side of the Vrmac hill, opposite Perast. It consists of two parts: the upper village is situated in a chestnut forest at 240 m of altitude. This part of the village has preserved its original rural layout. Today this part of Stoliv has only 15 habitants because most of the people have moved during the 17th and 18th century to the lower town. In the centre of the village there is the Church of St. Ilija. The lower Stoliv was given the rank of maritime town in 1721. Due to the Mediterranean climate, this part of the Bay of Kotor is rich in fruits and flowers, especially the camellia flower for which Stoliv is famous. Next