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Lukovic Street was the core of the public life of the 16th and 17th century. It is named after the Lukovic family houses, which have exceptionally elegantly decorated stone balustrades; the palaces follows the sea line, merging into the street front, and making a unique and indivisible ambient Street of Lukovic family - Prcanj Lukovic Street, with its luxurious palaces overlooking the sea, the Captain’s house with as many as 12 baroque balconies, and the ancient stone paving along the entire street front, according to numerous historians is at the very top of the artistic expression of the baroque profane architecture of streets in the South Adriatic. Lukovic Street was the core of the public life of the 16th and 17th century. It is named after the Lukovic family houses, which have exceptionally elegantly decorated stone balustrades; the palaces follows the sea line, merging into the street front, and making a unique and indivisible ambient unit in a functional and aesthetic domain. Opposed to the houses towards the sea, so-called ‘ponta’ were made over the time, for accessing sailboats with a plateau on which cargoes from ships were landed, as well as small ports for binding family boats. The coastal belt was an indivisible private space and made up a whole with the palaces. In the later period, around 1805, when this region was already under the Austro-Hungarian empire, the emperor had the first coastal road built along the sea for military needs, thus completely interrupting the continuity of family gardens from the sea to the houses. This act changed forever the character of space, dividing it into two parts, one made up of family ports for boats with berths along the sea, and another made up of a paved street of the Lukovic family. The seafront, including ponta and boat bindings, were private properties in the 19th century, characterized by traditional stone bindings, stone paving and stone sea-shores, with small gardens rich in Mediterranean vegetation. On the opposite side of the houses, there are elegant courts (avlije) with greenery, authentic stylish furniture and paved paths. Each ‘avlija’, or, artistic yard, has its own water well with a baroque stone hood; the pavement from the house to the well features square plates of red and white stone, and each yard shows parts of artistic gardening masonry such as stone sinks and verandas on the stone pillars with capitals. The entire area is an example of an authentic traditional urban settlement that had all the elements of urban character with a paved street, a ship’s harbour, a church and a very strong influence in the cultural movements of this region. In the last decade, many palaces and captains’ houses have been subjected to unprofessional restorations. Traditional roofs have been opened for the balcony, baroque balconies have been divided by concrete slabs, houses have built where does not exist before, and the coastal line was rebuilt by building new concrete piers and harbours. Due to this all, today it is necessary to approach the integral protection of this region to preserve its original artistic and historical value and to protect it on a larger scale as a whole authentic ambient. Furthermore, it is extremely necessary to prepare an integral plan for the protection of the wider zone that affects the Lukovic Street, from the sea and the family ports, through the street front to the palace, with yards and fields behind the houses to the contact surfaces that touch the forests of Lekovina. All of this together should be included in the whole area of cultural landscape protection to avoid negative visual impacts on the very street of Lukovica, and in that way to avoid jeopardizing its outstanding universal value. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Kusevic, B. (2017). Street of Lukovic family - Prcanj . ‘‘The Archive of Landscapes”. [date]. BIBLIOGRAPHY . BACKGROUND PHOTO. David Rumsey Historical Map Collection | The Collection; (1693) Disegno Topografico del Canale di Cattaro, Montenegro; Coronelli, Vincenzo (1650-1718).

In the last decade region of Bay of Kotor, which is UNESCO heritage site from 1979. is the area of severe destruction of the cultural landscape due to the excessive building industry, triggered by huge investments... Before & After photo sliders Degradation of the cultural landscape in UNESCO Natural and Culturo-Historical region of Kotor Degradation of the integrity of the cultural landscape in settlement Dobrota, 2008-2017 view from pier in the town of Prcanj, Montenegro Photographs presented here are composite, post-processed in ICE, Photoshop and MS Gallery to ensure their geometric accuracy and clarity Photographs by Bogdan Kusevic Degradation of integrity of the cultural landscape in the town of Prcanj, 2007-2017 view from pier in the town of Prcanj, Montenegro Photographs by Bogdan Kusevic Degradation of integrity of the cultural landscape in the town of Prcanj, St. Anna valley 2017-2018. Photographs by Bogdan Kusevic

The most beautiful church complex on the upper medieval path of Prcanj is the Old Parish Church. Today, the major part of the church is in ruins because it suffered tremendous devastation during the earthquake which occured in 1979. The church ensemble consists of an old cemetery, a monumental stone wall towards the sea which was laid down as a foundation of the whole complex, a unique octagonal dome, and the church building together with the residence of the parish palace 2007-2017 The ruins of the Old Parish church of Prcanj cover photo: Old parish c hurch of Prcanj The most beautiful church on the upper medieval path of Prcanj is the Old Parish Church. Today, the major part of the church is in ruins because it suffered tremendous devastation during the earthquake which occured in 1979. The church ensemble consists of an old cemetery, a monumental stone wall towards the sea which was laid down as a foundation of the whole complex, a unique octagonal dome, and the church building together with the residence of the parish palace, which is now completely in ruins. This church was mentioned for the first time in the documents dated 1399 as Ecclesia Sctae Mariae de Parzana. It was reconstructed in 1672 and after that, an octagonal chapel with a dome was built in 1740. READ MORE on heritage article ''Old Parish Church of Prcanj" ! Next

In the last decade region of Bay of Kotor, which is UNESCO heritage site from 1979. is the area of severe destruction of the cultural landscape due to the excessive building industry, triggered by huge investments... The cultural landscape in danger of UNESCO Natural and Culturo-historical region of Kotor Over the last decade, the region of the Bay of Kotor, which has been the UNESCO heritage site since 1979, is the area where severe destruction of the cultural landscape has occurred due to the excessive building industry, triggered by huge investments. Such appalling development of the entire Bay is threatening to devastate the fragile cultural landscape of the Bay of Kotor. Because of excessive destruction of the outstanding universal value of the cultural landscape, traditional urban settlements are endangered by the over-scaled architecture for commercial purposes. As a result of this, the UNESCO Natural and Culturo-Historical Region of Kotor will probably soon be erased from the World Heritage list. It should also be pointed out that Boka Kotorska is a place where cultures overlap due to Roman, Byzantine, Venetian and Austro-Hungarian rule. Thus, the complexity of the landscape and its connection to the past eras is a strong argument for its valorisation by integrative approach which would first consider the social value of the cultural landscape. Such an approach to the overall socio-historical development of the region also has to contain the environmental component in many areas of management of landscape and urban planning. Nowadays native people have lost connection with the local environment in Bay of Kotor; this has happened by changing the way people use landscape and by vanishing the active cultivation of the same. Moreover, the way the landscape is used has drastically changed after the last earthquake in 1979; furthermore, over the last decade it has been highly influenced by the heavy foreign investment in real estate industry.For all these reasons, the cultural landscape of the Bay of Kotor region, and Prcanj in particular, is under the big threat of losing all its inherited features represented by the materiality and the structure of the landscape itself, as well as vanishing the collective memory of its traditional character and specificity. Today, many areas have been devastated by building residential buildings without any legal certificate, thus imposing high seismic hazard; also, by interrupting the organical linkage with surrounding landscape; even, by making life more complicated and dangerous (neglecting the necessity of adequate access for personal cars, or not providing a livable neighbourhood). All these problems make a real urban chaos in some upper areas of Prcanj like Tre Sorelle and Sarena Gomila. After the 1979 earthquake, an intensive urbanisation started without any implemented strategical urban planning. Today, some areas in Prcanj which are important for their cultural landscape, like St. Anna Valley, are threatened by uncontrolled urbanisation, like the building of a big real estate settlement, and by imposing the complete destruction of the authentic cultural landscape. Now the urge for urban legislation of the entire UNESCO area of Kotor, as well as in Prcanj, is the top priority for Montenegro, and among the aims of this report is to point to urgent actions in urban legislation and integrated approach toward cultural landscape protection, as well as to raise public awareness about its tangible and intangible features. Due to excessive construction, the authenticity of the Region of Kotor is fading away and is rudely devastated in the name of sustainable development. However, in this case the concept of sustainability has been compromised from the very start. Such a problematic approach of urban planning is evident on the entire coast of Montenegro but it is most obvious in the region of Kotor, which is under the protection of the UNESCO. I would like to point out that the town of Kotor with its surroundings is in a chaotic situation now. Abandoned spots in the town of huge potentials such as the old abandoned site of the factory, ruins of Fjord Hotel, the modernist building of Jugooceanija, a former shipping company, and a lot of other areas of the huge potentials such as Skurda peninsula, and sports hall in Skaljari, and the building of former Autoremont are wrecked. At present, the town attempts to improve its economy by hosting big cruise ships. In that respect it has been very successful insomuch that Kotor has been proclaimed as the one of the top 5 cruising ship destination in the Mediterranean. Far more interesting topic is opening for mass tourism. Namely, every day thousands of tourist come to the Kotor, which has only 2,000 inhabitants. Does the town need so many tourists come for one day sightseeing tour, or better to say half day sightseeing tour? Does it mean that the citizens would not be able to come to the town centre during working hours or to reach the health institutions in proper time because of crowded streets? Kotor is the town that has only one road which runs along the waterfront. Due to numerous vehicles which travel along this road, traffic congestions frequently occur, especially in summer. Furthermore, the local seashore roads are without the proper signalization, with holes, pits and bumps, which makes the transportation, from Tivat to Kotor in particular, very annoying and frustrating but also very dangerous. All these issues and historical permanence in a collision with the current mass cruise tourism cause many problems. An average tourist who would like to spend a couple of days in Kotor cannot properly enjoy his or her vacation. It means that smart mobility needs to be introduced in the immediate vicinity to provide a liveable environment for the younger generation to come but also for its well-recognized tourist activity in the town of Kotor. Furthermore, cruise ships cause problems which must be solved urgently because of their adverse effect on the environment. They produce air pollution and damage the marine ecosystem in many ways which have a negative impact on the fishing industry, and thus cause the socio-economic turbulence that leads to complete relocation of domicile population. In addition to this, there are many problems arising from the improper regional planning, whereby high buildings have been constructed in the pristine cultural landscape proclaimed as the World Cultural Heritage. The following key points highlight the issues arising from the ongoing building activities that have negative impact on the protected area of the Bay of Kotor and pose a threat to its Outstanding Universal Value. Emerging of poorly planned settlements in UNESCO Natural and Culturo-Historical Region of Kotor, which poses a threat to the outstanding universal value of property Building of improperly planned settlements without any urban strategy or management plan, which makes an unprecedented negative visual impact on the seashore line and vistas on the historical monuments and urban ensembles of outstanding universal value; Settlements planned and made in locations not suitable for their character because of the unique and practically harsh natural environment in the region of seashore forests and cliffs, which ruins the integrity of the landscape itself; Settlements built without any prior strategy, thus living in them may be dangerous and complicated because of pollution of water, environmental degradation, ecosystem collapse, a danger of forest fires, high seismic risk etc.; Accepting the urban plan that proposes big and radical intervention in the landscape, that might probably invade the integrity of the cultural landscape and destroy its outstanding universal value by building a traffic motorway, a bridge or other large infrastructural elements for which consulting with UNESCO experts and making Heritage Assessment plan is necessary. Building contemporary structures in a landscape that is not suitable for them because of its characteristics, design or terrain feature, which has a negative and unprecedented impact on the entire cultural landscape and natural scenery; The non-professional or cheap commercial buildings made without any legal certificate that threatens to destroy the unique traditional way of life of local people; Concreting the seashore at the places of former family piers or building new ones without using the traditional monolith stone techniques, destroying the fertile sea ecosystem and artistic traditional appearance of the sea line; Destruction of traditional olive and oak forests, traditional steep agricultural terraces and traditional historical-artistic gardens of outstanding value behind the palaces and family homes; Non-professional restoration of protected historical family buildings without any regard for their integrity, which threatens to degrade the universal value of the buildings (opening the roof terraces, division of historical balustrades, altering the height of historical buildings, houses or palaces, making the roof covering with non-traditional techniques, changing the traditional bearing construction (especially the concrete ones), changing the original look of the facades, replacing the traditional wooden openings for doors and windows) with the ones made of PVC, AL,...etc.; Degradation of the value of historical palaces and their ancient artistic furniture, interior decorations, aristocratic family libraries and artistic paintings, because of: leaving the property without owners, multiple selling of the property to foreign investors that neglect its historical value and the lack of the regulations and statistics data of movable cultural treasures and regulations for itself. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Kusevic, B. (2017).The cultural landscape in danger of Bay of Kotor ‘‘The Archive of Landscapes” . [date] BACKGROUND PHOTO. Dobrota, Montenegro. Photo by Bogdan Kusevic Degradation of integrity of the cultural landscape in the town of Prcanj, Dobrota, Kostanjica Photographs by Bogdan Kusevic Degradation of monuments of UNESCO Natural and Culturo-Historical region of Kotor Photographs by Bogdan Kusevic

Most notable peace of sacral architecture in Prcanj is Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary. It was built in the Venetian late baroque style. The church is situated the the area of UNESCO Natural and culturo-historical region of Kotor. Our Lady Church in Prcanj was projected by the famous Venetian architect Bernardino Macaruzzi in 1789. 2007-2017 Our Lady's Temple cover photo: The dome of Our Lady's Temple in Prcanj Concert dedicated to Darinka Matić Marović in Our Lady's Temple in Prcanj . Academic Choir Collegium Musicum from Belgrade. August 16, 2022. - recorded by Bogdan Kusevic 00:00 / 00:00 Most notable peace of sacral architecture in Prcanj is Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary. It was built in the Venetian late baroque style. The church is situated the the area of UNESCO Natural and culturo-historical region of Kotor. Our Lady Church in Prcanj was projected by the famous Venetian architect Bernardino Maccaruzzi in 1789. The construction of the church started the same year but finished in 1913. The construction of the church was founded by the donation of twelve influential families from Prcanj, as well as donations of Austro-Hungarian government. The church at the time of construction was the biggest one in the South Adriatic region.Thes dome of the church is slightly lower that the dome of Dubrovnik Cathedral. The monumental staircase rising 25m above the sea is the highest artistic staircase of the East Adriatic. The church hosts numerous peace of art: icons, painting, reliefs of Venetian and EX Yugoslavian articts such as Milunovic, Rosandic, Lubarda, Mestrovic etc. Next

The church of St. Anna is believed to be existing here since the 14th century, and the ruins of the parish house in the immediate vicinity are the most ancient remains of residential buildings in the town of Prcanj. The church of St. Anna is situated 100 m from the sea on the hill of Vrmac Church of St. Anna - Prcanj, Montenegro Medieval churches like that of St. Anna in Prcanj, dating back to the 14th century, feature small-sized, not sophisticated, elegant proportions, as well as picturesque forms with a very interesting way of integrating into the landscape. In the Middle Ages, the Gothic style was not developed enough here, even though it was too much postponed compared to other urban centres on the Adriatic. However, the local sacral architecture, based upon centuries of development, has incorporated something of the medieval styles expressed mostly into the design of windows and doors. The techniques used at that time of building were very much defined, considering that they were developed by local craftsman rather than by professional architects or builders. The catholic private family chapels like this one were numerous in the town of Prcanj. In ancient times the town recorded eighteen churches and family chapels, of which today just eight are still standing. The church of St. Anna is believed to be existing here since the 14th century, and the ruins of the parish house in the immediate vicinity are the most ancient remains of residential buildings in the town of Prcanj. The church of St. Anna is situated 100 m from the sea on the hill of Vrmac. It is single span with gable roof; it has a semicircular apse and a fragmented vault in the middle, as well as a bell tower. The church belonged to the Sbutega family and stands in the area that was called, in ancient times, Calme that means “calm, quiet”. In front of the church an ancient graveyard used to lay, whose remains are not evident any longer. Today, the interior of the church has not any frescos or painting and is plastered with blue colour which is much eroded by the passing time. The traditional techniques of Romanesque altar vault, domed with a monolith of perfectly carved white rock, and the stone-paved floor characterized the architecture of the interior of the church. There are also two small niches in the wall at both ends of the altar, and a holy water pot, integrated into the entrance wall, which is a very interesting shape. There is no evidence of when the church was built, but the style of the building techniques, the apse stone roof and the unique disposition suggest that it has been there since the 14th century. The area where the Sbutega palace and the church of St. Anna are built is of immense importance for the entire region, because it still resembles the traditional way of cultivating the territory, and gives evidence of the features and style of the local 14th-century architecture. Sloped terraces of stone walls with olive groves and forests of oaks are typical of the cultural landscape of this area, which is closely related to this church and which is called, in the local language, Draga Sv. Ane, the Valley of St. Anna. Today, it would be necessary to identify this sacred building as a target of careful restoration, since it could become a significant and lovely spot along the medieval path of Prcanj, an area of special landscape value among ancient olive groves and oak forests. The tiny church would possibly be used for cultural events, camera concerts, exhibitions, public talks and meeting about the preservation of cultural landscapes, as well as a tourist attraction. Moreover, it is located near the ancient Sbutega palace, dating to the same historic period; the palace itself might be the suitable venue of an Architecture summer school camp, for a restoration of the cultural landscape and rustic architecture of Prcanj; this also would be a perfect location for a conscious and interested public to meet and exchange ideas. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Kusevic, B. (2017). Church of St. Anna - Prcanj . ‘‘The Archive of Landscapes”.[date]. BIBLIOGRAPHY . BACKGROUND PHOTO. David Rumsey Historical Map Collection | The Collection; (1693) Disegno Topografico del Canale di Cattaro, Montenegro; Coronelli, Vincenzo (1650-1718).

Regeneration of cultural landscape of Bay of Kotor. Heritage for benefits for society. Msc thesis by Bogdan Kusevic, in the field of sustainable architecture and landscape design at Politecnico di Milano Msc thesis THE FORGOTTEN CULTURAL LANDSCAPE OF BAY OF KOTOR. VALORISATION OF MEDIEVAL PATH AND RUINS IN PRCANJ. POLITECNICO DI MILANO July 2018 ABSTRACT (eng) Throughout its history, the Bay of Kotor in Montenegro has been a land of fruitful and active cultural exchange over the entire Mediterranean. Its extraordinary and harmonious symbiosis between the human influence in the natural scenery, along with its numerous and diverse sites and monuments of high cultural value, which have deeply affected other Mediterranean cultures, gained the Bay a place in the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites as the Natural and Culturo-Historical region of Kotor In 1979 . Since the last decade, the entire Bay of Kotor has been going through a very difficult time regarding administration issues, in particular as far as urban planning is concerned. Today, the overexpanded building industry, triggered by huge investments, is threatening to devastate the fragile cultural landscape of the Bay of Kotor. Because of that, UNESCO has expressed a few concerns about uncontrolled urbanisation, demanding that the area be placed on a list of endangered cultural sites. In this respect, my initial wish was to deal with a topic related to the management and protection of the cultural landscape of my hometown, Prcanj. My thesis investigates and defines the cultural landscape of the Bay of Kotor, providing a sustainable management and integrative approach towards cultural landscape protection. Furthermore, I focus on the case study about upper Prcanj’s cultural landscape with its old medieval pathway. The proposals of activation of this abandoned pathway is a new way of exploring the landscape itself, as well as trying to regenerate the abandoned historical monuments it is dotted by. The aim of this thesis is to point out the uncontrolled urbanisation that is influencing negatively the valuable landscape of the UNESCO Region of Kotor, and to remark that new ways of sustainable development should be introduced to preserve the site’s cultural heritage and value for the benefit of its citizens. Master thesis presentation - original booklet BY CLICKING ON THE LINK ABOVE YOU AGREE TO THE GENERAL TERMS OF USE AND PRIVACY POLICY OF THE WEBSITE: ,, THE ARCHIVE OF LANDSCAPES'' Tesi magistrale THE FORGOTTEN CULTURAL LANDSCAPE OF BAY OF KOTOR. VALORISATION OF MEDIEVAL PATH AND RUINS IN PRCANJ. POLITECNICO DI MILANO Luglio 2018 ABSTRACT (it) L’area costiera del Montenegro nota come le Bocche di Cattaro è sempre stata terra di fruttuosi e attivi scambi culturali con tutto il Mediterraneo. Per l’armoniosa simbiosi tra l’impronta umana e lo scenario naturale, insieme ai numerosi e vari siti e monumenti dal grande valore culturale che hanno profondamente influenzato le altre culture del Mediterraneo, la Regione naturale e storico-culturale delle Bocche di Cattaro è stata inserita nella lista UNESCO dei luoghi Patrimonio dell’umanità nel 1979. Negli ultimi dieci anni, l’intera area delle Bocche di Cattaro ha attraversato un periodo di grande difficoltà sul piano amministrativo, in particolare per quanto riguarda la pianificazione urbana. Oggi l’eccessiva espansione dell’industria edilizia, innescata da enormi investimenti, minaccia di devastare il fragile paesaggio e il patrimonio culturale della baia. Per questo motivo, l’UNESCO ha espresso le proprie preoccupazioni in merito all’urbanizzazione incontrollata, decidendo l’iscrizione dell’area in un elenco di siti culturali a rischio. Il mio iniziale desiderio è stato, a tal riguardo, di affrontare un argomento legato alla gestione e alla tutela del paesaggio culturale della mia città natale, Prčanj (Perzagno). La tesi intende indagare e definire il paesaggio culturale della baia di Cattaro, suggerendo una gestione sostenibile e un approccio integrato volto alla tutela del paesaggio culturale. Si propone qui, inoltre, un caso studio riguardante il paesaggio culturale della parte alta della città di Prčanj con la sua antica strada medievale. I modelli proposti, diretti alla riapertura di questo antico percorso ormai abbandonato, illustrano un nuovo modo di esplorare il paesaggio stesso e di rivalutare i preziosi ruderi di cui esso è costellato. La tesi ha pertanto lo scopo di evidenziare l’urbanizzazione incontrollata che sta influenzando negativamente il magnifico paesaggio del territorio di Cattaro, patrimonio UNESCO, e di rimarcare la necessità di introdurre nuove vie di sviluppo sostenibile per preservare il valore storico-culturale della regione a beneficio dei suoi cittadini. La tesi magistrale - presentazione originle (ENG) BY CLICKING ON THE LINK ABOVE YOU AGREE TO THE GENERAL TERMS OF USE AND PRIVACY POLICY OF THE WEBSITE: ,, THE ARCHIVE OF LANDSCAPES''

On the night of December 5, 1703, a miraculous vision occurred in this church, as evidenced by the process in the records of the Kotor bishop Marin Drago ‘vol. 24’. In 1806, Papa Pio VII issued the Breve, by which the Old Parish church in a question of absolution was joined and levelled of the same importance as... Old Parish Church of Prcanj, Montenegro The most beautiful church on the upper medieval path of Prcanj is the Old Parish Church. Today, the major part of the church is in ruins because it suffered tremendous devastation during the earthquake which occured in 1979. The church ensemble consists of an old cemetery, a monumental stone wall towards the sea which was laid down as a foundation of the whole complex, a unique octagonal dome, and the church building together with the residence of the parish palace, which is now completely in ruins. This church was mentioned for the first time in the documents dated 1399 as Ecclesia Sctae Mariae de Parzana. It was reconstructed in 1672 and after that, an octagonal chapel with a dome was built in 1740. In the night of December 5 1703, a miraculous vision occurred in this church described by the process in the records of Marin Drago, a Kotor bishop, ‘vol. 24’. In 1806, Papa Pio VII issued the Breve, by which the Old Parish Church in a question of absolution was joined and levelled as being of the same importance as the church of St. Maria Maggiore in Rome. After that, Pope Pius X transferred this important privilege to the New Parish Church of Prcanj. In the past, as recorded at the holy feast of the Birth of Mary in the 19th century, this church was visited by up to 6,000 people in a day. For a long time, the residents were buried in the church cemetery, and most of them were ship captains with great achievements during their service at the sea, ship-owners and priests. The church ensemble was guarded by armed men during the periods of conquests. After the New Parish Church was built in 1909, all the precious things, relics, furniture and frescoes were moved from the Old Parish Church to the New Parish Church and consequently, the upper church in the hill had lost its religious significance. Today, the church fascinates with its architectural composition and exceptional integration with the natural environment. The large octagonal dome and the church tower are still intact even today, despite the devastating earthquake in 1979. However, the church nave was completely destroyed, and only 4 walls are still standing but they are badly damaged. Despite this, the church still seems to be untouched and rare adventurers come to visit this masterpiece of architecture in the hill above Prcanj. The landscape of the upper medieval path of Prcanj is of great importance for the settlement and it is necessary to point out that it should be managed conscientiously in the future in order for its outstanding universal value to be maintained as an integral part of the UNESCO Natural and Culturo-Historical Region of Kotor. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Kusevic, B. (2017). Old Parish church of Prcanj . ‘‘The Archive of Landscapes”. [date]. BIBLIOGRAPHY . BACKGROUND PHOTO. David Rumsey Historical Map Collection | The Collection; (1693) Disegno Topografico del Canale di Cattaro, Montenegro; Coronelli, Vincenzo (1650-1718).

The pathway is a proof of Prcanj’s historical development, of the time when the settlement was located on the upper levels of the Vrmac hill, resting on agriculture. A special way of treating the soil, preserving fertile humus layers, was achieved by the dry-stone wall techniques on terraced levels Medieval pathway of Prcanj, Montenegro The upper medieval path of Prcanj, from Glavati to Spille, with old churches on the hill and ruins of medieval houses, authentic farm estates and terraced gardens planted with olives as well as wooded areas between them, should be proclaimed, according to the wish of the residents, as protected landscape of special importance for the municipality of Kotor, as well as a valuable hiking tour. The area of the medieval path represents one of the few coastal areas in the interior of the Bay of Kotor, where the cultural landscape has not been attacked yet by commercial construction and where there is continuity from the sea Glavati) to the top of the mountain (Spille River Canyon). The pathway is a proof of Prcanj’s historical development, of the time when the settlement was located on the upper levels of the Vrmac hill, resting on agriculture. A special way of treating the soil, preserving fertile humus layers, was achieved by the dry-stone wall techniques on terraced levels along Vrmac slopes. Moving from the sea to the hill, ancient varieties of Mediterranean fruit, such as citrus, grapes, olives, figs, are still present. These authentic sloped terraces of autochthonous agricultural varieties are still preserved below the area of the upper medieval path connecting the Church of St. Anna with the church of St. Peter on the way to the Old Parish church toward Spilla river. There are also centuries old oaks and pine forests in the zones between the agricultural estates, which are also planted as old villagers can tell. On the top, this zone of settlement also shows several foundations of ancient family homes that date back to the Middle Ages, and in addition to the medieval paths, numerous ruins of churches and dry stonewalls are the material evidence of the medieval village of Prcanj which was located on the hill. The landscape of the upper medieval path of the Prcanj is of a great importance for settlement and it is necessary to point out its future conscientious management in order to maintain its outstanding universal value as an integral part of the UNESCO Natural and Culturo-Historical Region of Kotor. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Kusevic, B. (2017). Medieval pathway of Prcanj , Montenegro ‘‘The Archive of Landscapes”. [date]. BIBLIOGRAPHY . BACKGROUND PHOTO. David Rumsey Historical Map Collection | The Collection; (1693) Disegno Topografico del Canale di Cattaro, Montenegro; Coronelli, Vincenzo (1650-1718).

Pejzažna vrijednost pješačke staze Muo - Prčanj - Gorni Stoliv ogleda se u autentičnim tehnikama gradnje u kombinaciji stepenika isklesanih u stijeni i kamenim stepenicama sa kamenim kaldrmisanim rampama, kao i visokim podzidama od suvomedja koje prate i denivelišu stazu od terasastih poljoprivrednih imanja... Pješačka staza Muo - Prčanj - Gornji Stoliv Staza do crkve Sv. Kuzme i Damjana iznad naselja Muo Staza do crkve Sv. Kuzme i Damjana iznad naselja Muo Ruševine starih kuća duž staze prema crkvi Sv. Kuzme i Damjana Crkva Sv. Kuzme i Damjana Pogled sa dijela staze Muo- crkva Sv. Kuzme i Damjana Ruševine starih kuća duž staze iznad naselja Muo Ruševine starih kuća duž staze iznad naselja Muo Staza iznad bivšeg vojnog kompleksa na Prčanju Staza iznad naselja Muo Pristupna staza, Velja Rijeka - Glavati -Prčanj Staza duž crkve Sv. Ane - Glavati Ruševine palate Sbutega - uvala Glavati kod crkve Sv. Ane Pogled sa dijela staze uvala Sv. Ane Staza duž crkve Sv. Petra iznad Prčanja Staza do ruševina stare župne crkve iznad Prčanja Staza pored ruševina stare župne crkve iznad Prčanja Ruševine stare župne crkve iznad Prčanja Stara župna crkva Prčanja Staza do ruševina stare župne crkve iznad Prčanja Staza ka lokalitetu Grasovo - Prčanj Pogled sa dijela staze Grasovo - Markov Rt Staza do Gornjeg Stoliva Staza do Gornjeg Stoliva Crkva Sv. Ilije u Gornjem Stolivu Pogled sa dijela staze Gornji Stoliv - Markov Rt Stara pješačka staza Muo – Prčanj – Gornji Stoliv za koju se smatra da je bila aktivna i tokom srednjeg vijeka, povezivala je stara naselja u brdu sa naseljima duž obale mora kada priobalni put još nije postojao. Njene mnogobrojne pristupne staze koje se stepenicama i kosim kaldrmisanim rampama uspinju od mora, vode najčešće do župnih crkava u brdu. Najznačajniji ogranci ovih staza su: staza od naselja Muo do Crkve Sv. Kuzme i Damjana, staza od naselja Prčanj na lokalitetu Grasovo do ruševina Stare župne crkve u brdu i staza od Donjeg Stoliva do Crkve Sv. Ilije u Gornjem Stolivu. Ovi ogranci pješačkih staza imali su svoju važnu religijsku ulogu u životu naroda ovog podneblja, a možemo govoriti i o njihovom hodočasničkom karakteru. Tipičan primjer takve staze je staza do Stare župne crkve u brdu iznad Prčanja u kojoj se do izgradnje Bogorodičinog hrama pri moru, nalazila čudotvorna ikona Majke Božije koju je u dane svetkovine posjećivalo i do 6000 vjernika. Pješačka staza u brdu Muo – Prčanj – Gornji Stoliv započinje u priobalnom dijelu naselja Muo, a nedaleko od Crkve Sv. Kuzme i Damjana u brdu, njen ogranak skreće ka Prčanju, iako je u većem dijelu neprohodan i produžava iznad bivšeg vojnog kompleksa. Staza nastavlja iznad naselja Glavati gdje prolazi pored starih kuća, a iznad Velje Rijeke spušta se u uvalu Sv. Ane. Staza potom prolazi pored starih naseljenih kuća u brdu i nastavlja pored ruševina Stare prčanjske župne crkve i nastavlja sve do Gornjeg Stoliva. Nažalost, dio staze od naselja Muo do naselja Glavati je sasvim neprohodan i nije markiran, a godinama nije održavan. Ovaj segment staze bi zasigurno trebalo uvrstiti u plan pješačkih tura Boke Kotorske. Zbog nabujale vegetacije, Maja 2021. nije pristupačan ni dio pješačke staze na Prčanju, na lokalitetu Velja Rijeka – Sv. Ana – Mondov Potok, kao i dio staze na lokalitetu Grasovo – Markov Rt – Gornji Stoliv. Staza Muo – Prčanj – Gornji Stoliv je višestruko značajna za izučavanje istorije ovih naselja i jedna je od najinteresantnijih jer pruža kontinuirane panoramske vizure na zaliv Boke Kotorske u dužini i do nekoliko kilometara. Prolazi dalje pored najstarijih ostataka i ruševina kuća u brdu čiji su kameni zidovi debljine izmedu jednog i dva metra što je najupečatljivije u gornjem dijelu naselja Muo od strane Prčanja. Ruševina starih srednjovjekovnih kuća duž staze ima i u uvali Sv. Ane, potom duž staze poslije Crkve Sv. Petra na Prčanju, kao i duž staze Muo – Crkva Sv. Kuzme i Damjana. Takođe na trasi staze Muo – Prčanj – Gornji Stoliv nalaze se brojne porodične kapele i crkve od kojih su mnoge u ruševinama. Pejzažna vrijednost staze ogleda se u autentičnim tehnikama gradnje u kombinaciji stepenika isklesanih u stijeni i kamenih stepenica, kao i kamenim kaldrmisanim rampama, visokim podzidama od suvomeđa koje prate i denivelišu stazu od terasastih poljoprivrednih imanja. Takve sisteme podzida najupečatljivije su na dijelu staze Muo – Crkva Sv. Kuzme i Damjana, Grasovo – Stara prčanjska crkva u brdu, kao i lokalitet Mondov Potok – Prčanj. Karakter i ljepotu pješačke staze Muo – Prčanj – Gornji Stoliv čine mali visinski usponi, prolazak kroz raznovrsne tipove pejzaža, od kamenjara i sipara, maslinjaka, borovih, hrastovih i kestenovih šuma pa sve do pašnjaka sa autentičnim poljoprivrednim sortama i starim kamenim kućama u brdu. Bogatstvo i vrijednost pješačke staze, ogleda se i u brojnim ruševinama kako stambene tako i sakralne arhitekture koje su istinsko bogatstvo za buduću valorizaciju, prilika za oživljavanje "low – carbon" turizma i prezentaciju autentičnog načina života ljudi ovog podneblja od najstarijih vremena do danas. KAKO DA CITIRATE OVAJ CLANAK Kusevic, B. (2021). Pješačka staza Muo - Prčanj - Gornji Stoliv. ‘‘The Archive of Landscapes” [datum]. POZADINSKA KARTA David Rumsey Historical Map Collection | The Collection; (1693) Disegno Topografico del Canale di Cattaro, Montenegro; Coronelli, Vincenzo (1650-1718). FOTOGRAFIJA: Bogdan Kusevic. 2018-2021