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Bay of Kotor Kotor-Historical timeline Bay of Kotor-timeline Bay of Kotor in Montenegro, is a very attractive tourist destination. It is considered to be one of the most beautiful bays in the world. The Bay of Kotor is rich in cultural heritage, and the town of Kotor, situated at the end of the bay is the most beautiful one. In this area, there are also very well-known Roman mosaics in Risan famous for its unique presentation of God Hypnos, along with the remains of Roman villas. The coastal settlements rapidly developed during Venetian protectorate of this region from 1492 to 1797. The most picturesque coastal in Bay of Kotor are Perast and Prcanj. The coastline in Bay of Kotor has been modified by building family piers in front of palaces and houses over the last two millennium. The population of the entire bay is around 60,000. ​ Kotor is situated at the end of the Bay of Kotor in Montenegro. During the medieval times, Kotor became one of the most prominent cultural, economic, religious and trade centres of the southern Adriatic. The oldest archaeological remaining is the foundation of the early Cristian basilica from the 6th century below now existing Church of St. Mary of The River. The first fortification was also established in the 6th century under the rulership of the Byzantine Empire. From 1185 to 1371, Kotor was under the rule of the Kingdom of Serbia. During that period, the first statute of the town was released in the year of 1301. Between 1391 and 1420, Kotor was an independent town - state. Afterwards, due to the threat of the Ottoman Empire and regular attacks by pirates, Kotor asked the Republic of Venice for protection, which was granted. Thus, Kotor with its surrounding territory became the province of the Venetian Republic from 1420 to 1797. During the Venetian protectorate, the town became a significant maritime centre in this region. In that period, most of its palaces were constructed in Baroque style by using building techniques with a strong influence of Venetian tradition. The town has the longest fortification system in this region which was rebuilt by the Venetian Republic from 16th to 18th century. It protected the town during numerous Ottoman attempts to conquest the city. The most significant feat of architecture is St. Tryphon Cathedral built in 1166 on the remains of the old Roman basilica dated to the year of 809. Today, Kotor is a very attractive tourist and ship cruise destination. Over 500,000 visitors from cruise ships visit the town every year, which negatively affects the life of domicile population in many ways, and cause the high pollution of air and turbulence in marine ecosystem. The town itself has 2,500 inhabitants and it is the cultural capital of Montenegro. ​ ​ HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Kusevic, B. (2017). Bay of Kotor, Montenegro ‘‘The Archive of Landscapes”. [date]. ​ BIBLIOGRAPHY . ​ BACKGROUND PHOTO. Coats of arms of Beskuca family, Prcanj, Montenegro. Photo by Bogdan Kusevic; ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

UNESCO's town of Kotor (it. Cattaro) Bay of Kotor, Montenegro KOTOR, MONTENEGRO - PHOTO ALBUM

Street of Lukovic family - Prcanj Lukovic Street, with its luxurious palaces overlooking the sea, the Captain’s house with as many as 12 baroque balconies, and the ancient stone paving along the entire street front, according to numerous historians is at the very top of the artistic expression of the baroque profane architecture of streets in the South Adriatic. Lukovic Street was the core of the public life of the 16th and 17th century. It is named after the Lukovic family houses, which have exceptionally elegantly decorated stone balustrades; the palaces follows the sea line, merging into the street front, and making a unique and indivisible ambient unit in a functional and aesthetic domain. Opposed to the houses towards the sea, so-called ‘ponta’ were made over the time, for accessing sailboats with a plateau on which cargoes from ships were landed, as well as small ports for binding family boats. The coastal belt was an indivisible private space and made up a whole with the palaces. In the later period, around 1805, when this region was already under the Austro-Hungarian empire, the emperor had the first coastal road built along the sea for military needs, thus completely interrupting the continuity of family gardens from the sea to the houses. This act changed forever the character of space, dividing it into two parts, one made up of family ports for boats with berths along the sea, and another made up of a paved street of the Lukovic family. The seafront, including ponta and boat bindings, were private properties in the 19th century, characterized by traditional stone bindings, stone paving and stone sea-shores, with small gardens rich in Mediterranean vegetation. On the opposite side of the houses, there are elegant courts (avlije) with greenery, authentic stylish furniture and paved paths. Each ‘avlija’, or, artistic yard, has its own water well with a baroque stone hood; the pavement from the house to the well features square plates of red and white stone, and each yard shows parts of artistic gardening masonry such as stone sinks and verandas on the stone pillars with capitals. The entire area is an example of an authentic traditional urban settlement that had all the elements of urban character with a paved street, a ship’s harbour, a church and a very strong influence in the cultural movements of this region. In the last decade, many palaces and captains’ houses have been subjected to unprofessional restorations. Traditional roofs have been opened for the balcony, baroque balconies have been divided by concrete slabs, houses have built where does not exist before, and the coastal line was rebuilt by building new concrete piers and harbours. Due to this all, today it is necessary to approach the integral protection of this region to preserve its original artistic and historical value and to protect it on a larger scale as a whole authentic ambient. Furthermore, it is extremely necessary to prepare an integral plan for the protection of the wider zone that affects the Lukovic Street, from the sea and the family ports, through the street front to the palace, with yards and fields behind the houses to the contact surfaces that touch the forests of Lekovina. All of this together should be included in the whole area of cultural landscape protection to avoid negative visual impacts on the very street of Lukovica, and in that way to avoid jeopardizing its outstanding universal value. ​ ​​​​ HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Kusevic, B. (2017). Street of Lukovic family - Prcanj . ‘‘The Archive of Landscapes”. [date]. ​ BIBLIOGRAPHY . ​ BACKGROUND PHOTO. David Rumsey Historical Map Collection | The Collection; (1693) Disegno Topografico del Canale di Cattaro, Montenegro; Coronelli, Vincenzo (1650-1718). ​

UNESCO Natural and Culturo historical region of Kotor Bay of Kotor, Montenegro BAY OF KOTOR - PHOTO ALBUM

Town of Prcanj, Montenegro The town of Prcanj in Kotor municipality in Montenegro is a coastal town which traditionally relied on the maritime trade and such tradition has remained to the present day. Historically, the first mentions of it were in 1222 in the correspondence regarding the construction of St Johan Church. During the medieval age, the town was being developed in the upper level in the hill and it relied primarily on the local agriculture. Later, at the beginning of the 15th century, the town rapidly started to develop in the coastal region. About town of Prcanj, Montenegro

​St. Anna Valley is cultural landscape of the inner Kotor Bay in Montenegro of immense value, recently heavily endangered by building construction , which destroyed authentic steep terraces of ex arable land. The Church of St. Anna dates back to the 14th century and the ruins of an old parish house are the oldest remains of any residences in Prcanj. The sloped terraces of agricultural estates, made of stone walls and planted with olive trees, and the oak forests sprinkled over a channelled stream of enclosed dry stonewalls, are features of the cultural landscape of this region. The techniques of channelling the stream flows and the way of maintaining the land by the traditional character testify the past eras and give evidence of the native landscape management. ​ READ MORE on heritage article ''Valley of St Anna" Next ST. ANNA VALLEY - GLAVATI, PRCANJ cover photo: Cultural landscape of immense value in danger!

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Old Parish Church of Prcanj, Montenegro The most beautiful church on the upper medieval path of Prcanj is the Old Parish Church. Today, the major part of the church is in ruins because it suffered tremendous devastation during the earthquake which occured in 1979. The church ensemble consists of an old cemetery, a monumental stone wall towards the sea which was laid down as a foundation of the whole complex, a unique octagonal dome, and the church building together with the residence of the parish palace, which is now completely in ruins. This church was mentioned for the first time in the documents dated 1399 as Ecclesia Sctae Mariae de Parzana. It was reconstructed in 1672 and after that, an octagonal chapel with a dome was built in 1740. In the night of December 5 1703, a miraculous vision occurred in this church described by the process in the records of Marin Drago, a Kotor bishop, ‘vol. 24’. In 1806, Papa Pio VII issued the Breve, by which the Old Parish Church in a question of absolution was joined and levelled as being of the same importance as the church of St. Maria Maggiore in Rome. After that, Pope Pius X transferred this important privilege to the New Parish Church of Prcanj. In the past, as recorded at the holy feast of the Birth of Mary in the 19th century, this church was visited by up to 6,000 people in a day. For a long time, the residents were buried in the church cemetery, and most of them were ship captains with great achievements during their service at the sea, ship-owners and priests. The church ensemble was guarded by armed men during the periods of conquests. After the New Parish Church was built in 1909, all the precious things, relics, furniture and frescoes were moved from the Old Parish Church to the New Parish Church and consequently, the upper church in the hill had lost its religious significance. Today, the church fascinates with its architectural composition and exceptional integration with the natural environment. The large octagonal dome and the church tower are still intact even today, despite the devastating earthquake in 1979. However, the church nave was completely destroyed, and only 4 walls are still standing but they are badly damaged. Despite this, the church still seems to be untouched and rare adventurers come to visit this masterpiece of architecture in the hill above Prcanj. The landscape of the upper medieval path of Prcanj is of great importance for the settlement and it is necessary to point out that it should be managed conscientiously in the future in order for its outstanding universal value to be maintained as an integral part of the UNESCO Natural and Culturo-Historical Region of Kotor. ​ ​ ​​​​ HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Kusevic, B. (2017). Old Parish church of Prcanj . ‘‘The Archive of Landscapes”. [date]. ​ BIBLIOGRAPHY . ​ BACKGROUND PHOTO. David Rumsey Historical Map Collection | The Collection; (1693) Disegno Topografico del Canale di Cattaro, Montenegro; Coronelli, Vincenzo (1650-1718).

Msc thesis THE FORGOTTEN CULTURAL LANDSCAPE OF BAY OF KOTOR. VALORISATION OF MEDIEVAL PATH AND RUINS IN PRCANJ. POLITECNICO DI MILANO July 2018 ABSTRACT (eng) Throughout its history, the Bay of Kotor in Montenegro has been a land of fruitful and active cultural exchange over the entire Mediterranean. Its extraordinary and harmonious symbiosis between the human influence in the natural scenery, along with its numerous and diverse sites and monuments of high cultural value, which have deeply affected other Mediterranean cultures, gained the Bay a place in the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites as the Natural and Culturo-Historical region of Kotor In 1979 . Since the last decade, the entire Bay of Kotor has been going through a very difficult time regarding administration issues, in particular as far as urban planning is concerned. Today, the overexpanded building industry, triggered by huge investments, is threatening to devastate the fragile cultural landscape of the Bay of Kotor. Because of that, UNESCO has expressed a few concerns about uncontrolled urbanisation, demanding that the area be placed on a list of endangered cultural sites. In this respect, my initial wish was to deal with a topic related to the management and protection of the cultural landscape of my hometown, Prcanj. My thesis investigates and defines the cultural landscape of the Bay of Kotor, providing a sustainable management and integrative approach towards cultural landscape protection. Furthermore, I focus on the case study about upper Prcanj’s cultural landscape with its old medieval pathway. The proposals of activation of this abandoned pathway is a new way of exploring the landscape itself, as well as trying to regenerate the abandoned historical monuments it is dotted by. The aim of this thesis is to point out the uncontrolled urbanisation that is influencing negatively the valuable landscape of the UNESCO Region of Kotor, and to remark that new ways of sustainable development should be introduced to preserve the site’s cultural heritage and value for the benefit of its citizens. Master thesis presentation - original booklet BY CLICKING ON THE LINK ABOVE YOU AGREE TO THE GENERAL TERMS OF USE AND PRIVACY POLICY OF THE WEBSITE: ,, THE ARCHIVE OF LANDSCAPES'' Tesi magistrale THE FORGOTTEN CULTURAL LANDSCAPE OF BAY OF KOTOR. VALORISATION OF MEDIEVAL PATH AND RUINS IN PRCANJ. POLITECNICO DI MILANO Luglio 2018 ABSTRACT (it) L’area costiera del Montenegro nota come le Bocche di Cattaro è sempre stata terra di fruttuosi e attivi scambi culturali con tutto il Mediterraneo. Per l’armoniosa simbiosi tra l’impronta umana e lo scenario naturale, insieme ai numerosi e vari siti e monumenti dal grande valore culturale che hanno profondamente influenzato le altre culture del Mediterraneo, la Regione naturale e storico-culturale delle Bocche di Cattaro è stata inserita nella lista UNESCO dei luoghi Patrimonio dell’umanità nel 1979. Negli ultimi dieci anni, l’intera area delle Bocche di Cattaro ha attraversato un periodo di grande difficoltà sul piano amministrativo, in particolare per quanto riguarda la pianificazione urbana. Oggi l’eccessiva espansione dell’industria edilizia, innescata da enormi investimenti, minaccia di devastare il fragile paesaggio e il patrimonio culturale della baia. Per questo motivo, l’UNESCO ha espresso le proprie preoccupazioni in merito all’urbanizzazione incontrollata, decidendo l’iscrizione dell’area in un elenco di siti culturali a rischio. Il mio iniziale desiderio è stato, a tal riguardo, di affrontare un argomento legato alla gestione e alla tutela del paesaggio culturale della mia città natale, Prčanj (Perzagno). La tesi intende indagare e definire il paesaggio culturale della baia di Cattaro, suggerendo una gestione sostenibile e un approccio integrato volto alla tutela del paesaggio culturale. Si propone qui, inoltre, un caso studio riguardante il paesaggio culturale della parte alta della città di Prčanj con la sua antica strada medievale. I modelli proposti, diretti alla riapertura di questo antico percorso ormai abbandonato, illustrano un nuovo modo di esplorare il paesaggio stesso e di rivalutare i preziosi ruderi di cui esso è costellato. La tesi ha pertanto lo scopo di evidenziare l’urbanizzazione incontrollata che sta influenzando negativamente il magnifico paesaggio del territorio di Cattaro, patrimonio UNESCO, e di rimarcare la necessità di introdurre nuove vie di sviluppo sostenibile per preservare il valore storico-culturale della regione a beneficio dei suoi cittadini. La tesi magistrale - presentazione originle (ENG) BY CLICKING ON THE LINK ABOVE YOU AGREE TO THE GENERAL TERMS OF USE AND PRIVACY POLICY OF THE WEBSITE: ,, THE ARCHIVE OF LANDSCAPES''

2007-2017 The ruins of the Old Parish church of Prcanj cover photo: Old parish c hurch of Prcanj The most beautiful church on the upper medieval path of Prcanj is the Old Parish Church. Today, the major part of the church is in ruins because it suffered tremendous devastation during the earthquake which occured in 1979. The church ensemble consists of an old cemetery, a monumental stone wall towards the sea which was laid down as a foundation of the whole complex, a unique octagonal dome, and the church building together with the residence of the parish palace, which is now completely in ruins. This church was mentioned for the first time in the documents dated 1399 as Ecclesia Sctae Mariae de Parzana. It was reconstructed in 1672 and after that, an octagonal chapel with a dome was built in 1740. ​ READ MORE on heritage article ''Old Parish Church of Prcanj" ​ Next